Sharing the Skills: The Pinard

I have two expectations when a student comes to spend some time with me:

1. That they have read Ina May

2. That they are prepared to learn how to use a Pinard (if they are not already practised)

When we think of all the technological advancements that have been made in pregnancy and childbirth, it is often assumed that the beautiful Pinard Trumpet is better placed way back in the 'olden times', but this little piece of midwifery equipment is (and should be) a staple part of midwifery practise - where-ever that is taking place.

Firstly, lets look at what National Guidance says about the Pinard: intermittent auscultation is the national recommendation for the 'low-risk' (that's another blog in itself) woman in labour.  In these guidelines it recommends the use of a Pinard or a doppler (sonic-aid).  It also states that when there is a concern with a low base-rate foetal heart on continuous monitoring, it is important to ascertain that it is not the maternal heart that is being recorded.  The Pinard is essential in that clinical scenario is you can not pick-up the maternal hear beat when using one.  So, the expectation is that a midwife should know how to use a Pinard.

Secondly, let us think about the routine use of a doppler (sonic-aid) to auscultate the baby's heart rate.  The little sonic-aid is a wondrous invention; it enables midwives to hear that rhythmical heart rate, reassuring that all is well, and enables parents to hear their baby's heart from very early in pregnancy.  I always find it completely heart-melting the first time parents hear that sound and they are full of bare emotion.  BUT, when we use a doppler, we send a high-wave frequency through the uterus that resonates with the baby (again, that's another blog post).  Although National Guidance no longer recommends routine auscultation at an antenatal appointment, many mothers find this a reassuring and exciting element of their care.  Around 2 years ago, as I reflected on my birth statistics, I realised that I had a relatively high number of 'compound presentation' births (this is where the baby is born with it's hands' up by its head).  Whilst this is not usually a problem, it can sometimes make birth a little longer or potentially cause more perineal trauma for mum.  I pondered

A foetoscope

on this for a while, and recalled a very wise, older midwife once saying that she felt we had more compound presentations since the introduction of routine sonic-aid use, and perhaps the baby's were "'covering their ears from the high frequency sound".  So I started my own little trial and I no longer use the sonic-aid in the last trimester or pregnancy: instead I show the women my little Pinard (they love it!) and use a foetoscope (see picture) so that they too can listen to their baby.  And yes, in that time I have had NO babies with hands up by their heads.  Maybe a coincidence?  But one I am not tempted to test!

How to use a Pinard
You can only really use a Pinard or fetoscope successfully from around 28 weeks of pregnancy - before this the baby is just too small and you have to place the Pinard directly over the baby's heart or shoulder, so you need to be able to palpate where the baby is lying.  Antenatally, its relatively easy to use once you've become skilled at palpation and 'listening', so as a student midwife this is the best time to hone your skills!  It is usually easier to start with a plastic Pinard and progress to a wooden one.  The ARM sell beautiful beech Pinards.

Using a pinard in labour can however be a little trickier -especially if the woman is planning to use water in labour, unless you are prepared to wear a get-up like this!   The expectation will be for the woman to lift her bump in and out of the water which can be very disruptive to the flow of her labour!  A water-proof sonic aid is a God-send as you can easily monitor her baby's well-being and work around her by reaching down into the pool and under her bump as unobtrusively as possible.



Sara Wickham has written a lovely explanation on how to use a Pinard (saves me re-writing it!) and Kay Hardie, from Kent Independent Midwives has made an excellent you-tube video on how to use a Pinard.  Read and watch to learn - and then practice, practice practice until you are confident and able to use one!

The Pinard Trumpet may be an 'old fashioned' peice of equipment, but its place is just as relevant in 21st century midwifery as it ever was.  What do you think?


 angela xx

"Knowledge is of no value unless you put it into practice."

Anton Chekov 

Sharing the knowledge: let us begin.

Midwifery is one of those professions where you develop your skills over time; always learning, always discovering something new, remembering something forgotten, and gleaning knowledge from many sources.

To qualify as a midwife in the UK, you undertake a 3 year full-time course, with a roughly 50% split of theory and practice (practice taking place within the NHS).  You learn drills, you read books, write essays, 'deliver' babies, watch caesarean sections, 'help' women to breastfeed and 'learn' the day-to-day skills of midwifery in the NHS.  This is normally under the watchful eye of a mentor, an experienced midwife who guides you along the way (assuming of course there is not a huge theory-practice gap with what that mentor is teaching you).

Throughout my 3 years as a student I learnt huge amounts, but (as with most professions) many of the skills I have learnt have come with the experience of serving women in childbirth, watching women labour in their own environment without the time constraints of unit policies, and learning to trust even more that the less I 'do', the better the outcome*.  Much of this knowledge was not 'taught' in my training and I believe there is such a strong culture of fear around childbirth, that we tie ourselves up in knots to address unit policies, many of which are not based on the evidence.

So how do we share and spread that innate midwifery knowledge that respects women and the natural process of childbirth, when the practice we are exposed to within the training may (or may not) often sit within the medical mode of childbirth.  How do we give student midwives and newly qualified midwives a glimpse into a different way of approaching birth?  I believe we need to be writing about it, shouting about it, talking about it, and sharing, sharing, sharing.  Of course, this then exposes us to the risk or being 'ridiculed', or worse, intensively scrutinised in our practice; this then moves this innate knowledge back into the 'secret' side of midwifery, and does not enable policies (such as arbitrary time limits in the 2nd stage of labour) to be challenged.

I am planning to 'put myself out there' a bit and start to write about skills and ideas, such as:

• confirming the onset of labour without vaginal examinations
• assessing labour progress without vaginal examinations
• auscultation using a Pinnards or fetoscope
• facilitating spontaneous 2nd stage without directing women on 'how' to push
• water birth
• physiological 3rd stage
• the effects of energy on the labouring woman
• assisting a woman with a mal-positioned baby

I invite questions or suggestions for topics, and I am inviting guest blogging midwives to share their knowledge too.  Along with this I also need to add in that 'disclaimer'; that is to say that I am not saying this is the only way to practice, or that it is always appropriate to the woman you are caring for, or that it will sit easily within the trust you may be working within.

I do hope you will enjoy these blogs, and and share and talk about skills with your colleagues, and ultimately develop your own practice in a way that keeps the woman and the process of normal birth central to your care.

Enjoy
angela x

*doing less is of course not to ignore a woman whose labour is changing and will perhaps require help in another way.

“Be the change that you wish to see in the world.”― Mahatma Gandhi